Which of the following is not classified as an anxiety disorder in the material?

• A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• B. Panic disorder
• C. Posttraumatic stress disorder
• D. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer: (D)

Anxiety disorders involve excessive fear, worry, or avoidance that interferes with functioning. In the material, obsessive-compulsive disorder is shown as anxiety-related because the distress comes from intrusive thoughts and the urge to perform rituals to reduce that anxiety. Panic disorder is described through recurrent panic attacks and the ongoing worry about having more attacks, which fits the anxious response pattern. Posttraumatic stress disorder is discussed in terms of hyperarousal, intrusive memories, and avoidance after trauma, all rooted in fear and anxiety.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, by contrast, is a neurodevelopmental condition centered on persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that are not driven by fear or anxiety as the primary mechanism. Co-occurring anxiety can happen, but ADHD itself is not classified as an anxiety disorder in the material.